Proinflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin
(IL)-6, have multiple effects in the central nervous system (CNS) not strictly cytotoxic being …

Our understanding of the key players involved in the differential regulation of T‐cell responses
during inflammation, infection and auto‐immunity is fundamental for designing efficient …

Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, transmitted to humans by Anopheles
mosquitoes. The most dangerous of the plasmodia infecting humans is Plasmodium falciparum. …

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug that inhibits the activity of transcription
factors of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family, interfering with the induction of …

The Cephalotaxus alkaloids harringtonine, homoharringtonine and isoharringtonine inhibit
protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. The alkaloids do not inhibit, in model systems, any of the …

Intracellular replication of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi inside macrophages is
essential for the production of the disease and the development of the parasite. Two CD4 + …

Hepatocellular carcinoma is strongly associated with chronic infection by the hepatitis B virus
(HBV) and has poor prognosis due to intrahepatic metastasis. HBx is often the only HBV …

Angiogenesis has a role in the pathogenesis of several disorders, including cancer, chronic
inflammatory diseases and retinopathies. Recent evidence demonstrates that the production …

Cyclooxygenase (COX), known to exist in two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, is a key enzyme
in prostaglandin synthesis and the target for most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In …

Obesity is a highly prevalent health problem in Western countries that leads to many important
diseases such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome being now considered an …