Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in macrophages is required for antipathogen responses,
including the biosynthesis of nitric oxide from arginine, and is essential for immunity to …

The HN878 strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is regarded as “hypervirulent” due to its
rapid growth and reduced survival of infected mice when compared with other clinical isolates. …

We report the involvement of an evolutionarily conserved set of mycobacterial genes, the esx-3
region, in evasion of bacterial killing by innate immunity. Whereas high-dose intravenous …

Azithromycin is a potent macrolide antibiotic with poorly understood antiinflammatory properties.
Long-term use of azithromycin in patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases, such …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains a major challenge to global health made worse
by the spread of multidrug resistance. We therefore examined whether stimulating …

Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has reached pandemic proportions. A number of …

Background. Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is an epidemiological risk factor for tuberculosis,
although the biological basis has not been elucidated. Methods. We exposed C57BL/6 …

The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains one of the world's most successful
pathogens, a situation that is aggravated by the fact that the existing vaccine, Mycobacterium …

Pulmonary tuberculosis in guinea pigs is an extremely useful model for drug and vaccine
testing due to the fact that its pathological disease process is similar to that present in humans. …

Chronic lung disease as a result of Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging infection in
the United States. We characterized the lung immune responses in mice and guinea pigs …