Autophagy is the engulfment of cytosol and organelles by double-membrane vesicles termed
autophagosomes. Autophagosome formation is known to require phosphatidylinositol 3-…

Autophagosome formation requires sequential translocation of autophagy-specific proteins
to membranes enriched in PI3P and connected to the ER. Preceding this, the earliest …

Induction of autophagy requires the ULK1 protein kinase complex and the Vps34 lipid
kinase complex. PtdIns3P synthesised by Vps34 accumulates in omegasomes, membrane …

Autophagy is a cellular response to starvation which generates autophagosomes to carry
cellular organelles and long-lived proteins to lysosomes for degradation. Degradation through …

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) phosphorylates sphingosine to generate sphingosine 1-phosphate
(S1P). Because both substrate and product of the enzyme are potentially important …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are vital for the maintenance of immune homeostasis, while their
dysfunction constitutes a cardinal feature of autoimmunity. Under steady-state conditions, …

The dynamics and coordination between autophagy machinery and selective receptors
during mitophagy are unknown. Also unknown is whether mitophagy depends on pre-existing …

10.7554/eLife.19960.001 Amino acids are essential activators of mTORC1 via a complex
containing RAG GTPases, RAGULATOR and the vacuolar ATPase. Sensing of amino acids …

Basal autophagy—here defined as macroautophagic activity during cellular growth in normal
medium containing amino acids and serum—appears to be highly active in many cell types …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important bioactive lipid, but its molecular targets remain
unknown. To identify such targets, we have synthesized and coupled PA to an agarose-based …