Considerable research supports the high frequency of right-handedness in living Homo
sapiens, with worldwide rates of approximately nine right- for every one left-hander. Right-…

We present a Neanderthal maxilla (CF-1) from Cova Foradà site (Oliva, Valencia, Spain) with
periodontal disease and evidence of attempts to alleviate pain with the use of a toothpick. …

Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples
from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report a genome-wide …

The earliest hominin occupation of Europe is one of the most debated topics in
palaeoanthropology. However, the purportedly oldest of the Early Pleistocene sites in Eurasia lack …

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the
largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of …

Steppe-pastoralist-related ancestry reached Central Europe by at least 2500 bc, whereas
Iranian farmer-related ancestry was present in Aegean Europe by at least 1900 bc. However, …

During excavations of the Bronze Age levels at El Mirador Cave, a hole containing human
remains was found. Taphonomic analysis revealed the existence of cutmarks, human …

Biocompatible cationic surfactants from the amino acid lysine (hydrochloride salts of N ɛ -lauroyl
lysine methyl ester, N ɛ -myristoyl lysine methyl ester and N ɛ -palmitoyl lysine methyl …

Over the last two decades, the Pleistocene sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain) have
provided two extraordinary assemblages of hominin fossils that have helped refine the …

Human cannibalism is currently recorded in abundant archaeological assemblages of different
chronologies. The TD6 level of Gran Dolina (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos), at more than …