Background and aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are associated with uncontrolled
innate and adaptive immunity against normal constituents, including commensal bacteria …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Crohn's disease is a chronic disease characterized by severe T-helper
(Th)1 cell–driven inflammation of the colon partially caused by a loss of immune …

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by loss of
immunologic self tolerance and characterized by chronic joint inflammation. Adult mesenchymal …

Objectives: Adult mesenchymal stem cells were recently found to suppress effector T cell
and inflammatory responses and have emerged as attractive therapeutic candidates for …

First identified by Said and Mutt some 30 years ago, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
was originally isolated as a vasodilator peptide. Subsequently, its biochemistry was elucidated…

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and debilitating autoimmune disease of unknown
etiology, characterized by chronic inflammation in the joints and subsequent destruction of the …

Human adipose–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
with reduced immunogenicity and capability to modulate immune responses. Whereas …

Background & Aims: Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone-releasing peptide with potential
endogenous anti-inflammatory activities ameliorating some pathologic inflammatory conditions. …

The induction of antigen-specific tolerance is essential to maintain immune homeostasis,
control autoreactive T cells, prevent the onset of autoimmune diseases and achieve tolerance …

Background & Aims: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic debilitating disease of unknown etiology
that is characterized by severe inflammation of the colon. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (…