The highly complex structure of the human brain is strongly shaped by genetic influences 1 .
Subcortical brain regions form circuits with cortical areas to coordinate movement 2 , …

INTRODUCTION The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities.
Variations in human cortical surface area and thickness are associated with neurological, …

The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial
navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal …

… van Donkelaar are supported by funding from a personal Vici grant of the Netherlands
Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO; grant 016-130-669, to BF). None of the funding …

Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains
stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain …

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a frequent psychiatric disorder seen in children and
adolescents with attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ODD is also a common …

Aggressiveness is a behavioral trait that has the potential to be harmful to individuals and
society. With an estimated heritability of about 40%, genetics is important in its development. …

Individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) are at increased risk of
developing substance use disorders ( SUDs ) and nicotine dependence. The co‐occurrence of …

Reactive and proactive subtypes of aggression have been recognized to help parse etiological
heterogeneity of this complex phenotype. With a heritability of about 50%, genetic factors …

… Marjolein MJ van Donkelaar, Martine Hoogman, Janita Bralten, Jan Buitelaar and Barbara
Franke designed the study. Marjolein van Donkelaar managed literature searches, analyses …