The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a brain stem area whose stimulation triggers
graded forward locomotion. How MLR neurons recruit downstream vsx2 + (V2a) …

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a complex solution that circulates around the CNS, and
whose composition changes as a function of an animal’s physiological state. Ciliated neurons …

Circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contributes to body axis formation and brain
development. Here, we investigated the unexplained origins of the CSF flow bidirectionality in …

In the spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) are GABAergic
interoceptive sensory neurons that detect spinal curvature via a functional coupling with the …

One challenge in neuroscience is to understand how information flows between neurons in
vivo to trigger specific behaviors. Granger causality (GC) has been proposed as a simple …

The reconsolidation process is the mechanism by which strength and/or content of consolidated
memories are updated. Prediction error (PE) is the difference between the prediction …

Locomotion in vertebrates relies on high brain centers converging onto the mesencephalic
locomotor region (MLR). How the MLR recruits brainstem reticulospinal neurons (RSNs) to …

Locomotion exists in diverse forms in nature; however, little is known about how closely
related species with similar neuronal circuitry can evolve different navigational strategies to …

Undulatory locomotion relies on the propagation of a wave of excitation in the spinal cord
leading to consequential activation of segmental skeletal muscles along the body. Although …

In contextual conditioning, a complex pattern of information is processed to associate the
characteristics of a particular place with incentive or aversive reinforcements. This type of …