Mitochondrial proton and electron leak have a major impact on mitochondrial coupling
efficiency and production of reactive oxygen species. In the first part of this chapter, we address …

Selenoproteins are rare proteins among all kingdoms of life containing the 21 st amino acid,
selenocysteine. Selenocysteine resembles cysteine, differing only by the substitution of …

Breakthrough technologies to measure cellular oxygen consumption and proton efflux are
reigniting the study of cellular energetics by increasing the scope and pace with which …

We report that astrocytic insulin signaling co-regulates hypothalamic glucose sensing and
systemic glucose metabolism. Postnatal ablation of insulin receptors (IRs) in glial fibrillary …

Insulin-dependent diabetes is a complex multifactorial disorder characterized by loss or
dysfunction of β-cells. Pancreatic β-cells differ in size, glucose responsiveness, insulin secretion …

In endothermic species, heat released as a product of metabolism ensures stable internal
temperature throughout the organism, despite varying environmental conditions. Mitochondria …

Adaptive thermogenesis is the process of heat generation in response to cold stimulation. It
is under the control of the sympathetic nervous system, whose chief effector is the …

Metabolic diseases are often characterized by circadian misalignment in different tissues,
yet how altered coordination and communication among tissue clocks relate to specific …

Key points • Within cells, mitochondria oxidize carbohydrates, and fatty and amino acids to
use the released energy to form ATP, and in the process, they also generate reactive oxygen …

UCP1-Tg mice with ectopic expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in skeletal muscle (SM)
are a model of improved substrate metabolism and increased longevity. Analysis of …