THE prefrontal cortex is important in the organization of goal-directed behaviour 1–3 . When
animals are trained to work for a particular goal or reward 4–7 , reward 'expectancy' is …

Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention
are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally dissociated in the visual …

Single unit activity was recorded from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior
cingulate cortex while monkeys were performing a modified differential reinforcement of long …

We examined neuronal activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in relation to reward expectancy
and compared findings with those of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) in the monkey. …

Watanabe, Masataka, Tohru Kodama, and Kazuo Hikosaka. Increase of extracellular dopamine
in primate prefrontal cortex during a working memory task. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2795–…

Variations of dissolved silicate (DSi) flux in the Yangtze River have caused great concern
among scientists. Analysis of spatial and temporal variations of DSi indicates that the …

We calculate the anomalous dimensions of operators with large global charge J in certain
strongly coupled conformal field theories in three dimensions, such as the O (2) model and the …

Single unit activity was recorded from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of two monkeys
which were trained on a stimulus-reward association task. The monkeys were trained on a …

Bacterial community structure along the Changjiang River (which is more than 2,500 km
long) was studied by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library …

Two monkeys were trained to perform 3 kinds of spatial tasks (righ-left DR, up-down DR, and
conditional position discrimination with delay). In the conditional position task, the animal …