Ecosystem services ( ES ) from mountain forests are highly relevant for human societies. ES
with a direct economic support function (eg timber production), regulatory services (eg …

Mixed mountain forests of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies
(L.) Karst), and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) cover a total area of more than 10 million hectares …

The increasing demand for innovative forest management strategies to adapt to and mitigate
climate change and benefit forest production, the so-called Climate-Smart Forestry, calls for …

Uneven-aged silver fir-European beech forest stands were studied to (1) analyse the
dynamics of diameter structure and tree species composition in the past two centuries and (2) …

Research on the early stages of stand dynamics in uneven-aged forests often favours
regeneration over recruitment of trees into forest stands. We contrasted both regeneration (ie …

Quantitative descriptions of natural disturbance regimes are lacking for temperate forest
regions in Europe, primarily because a long history of intensive land-use has been the …

Process-based models and empirical modelling techniques are frequently used to (i) explore
the sensitivity of tree growth to environmental variables, and (ii) predict the future growth of …

Recent studies show that several tree species are spreading to higher latitudes and elevations
due to climate change. European beech, presently dominating from the colline to the …

A growing body of evidence suggests that processes of upward treeline expansion and shifts
in vegetation zones may occur in response to climate change. However, such shifts can be …

In the Dinaric Mountains, the future of silver fir and Norway spruce appears to be uncertain,
especially given the threat of climate change to both species and browsing pressure on fir. …