The dopamine system is thought to be involved in making decisions about reward. Here we
recorded from the ventral tegmental area in rats learning to choose between differently …

In several areas of the macaque brain, neurons fire during delayed-response tasks at a rate
determined by the value of the reward expected at the end of the trial. The activity of these …

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is crucial for changing established behaviour in the face of
unexpected outcomes. This function has been attributed to the role of the OFC in response …

The orbitofrontal cortex, as a part of prefrontal cortex, is implicated in executive function.
However, within this broad region, the orbitofrontal cortex is distinguished by its unique pattern …

We monitored single-neuron activity in the orbitofrontal cortex of rats performing a time-discounting
task in which the spatial location of the reward predicted whether the delay preceding …

Humans and other animals change their behavior in response to unexpected outcomes. The
orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in such adaptive responding, based on evidence …

In several regions of the macaque brain, neurons fire during delayed response tasks at a rate
determined by the value of the reward expected at the end of the trial. The activity of these …

The orbitofrontal cortex has been hypothesized to carry information regarding the value of
expected rewards. Such information is essential for associative learning, which relies on …

The striatum is critical for reward-guided and habitual behavior. Anatomical and interference
studies suggest a functional heterogeneity within striatum. Medial regions, such as nucleus …

Learning theory and computational accounts suggest that learning depends on errors in
outcome prediction as well as changes in processing of or attention to events. These divergent …