Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a major source of variability in drug pharmacokinetics and
response. Of 57 putatively functional human CYPs only about a dozen enzymes, belonging to …

Metformin is a drug commonly prescribed to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. Here we show
that long-term treatment with metformin (0.1% w/w in diet) starting at middle age extends …

Background The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been
well documented for several single gene–drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of a …

The pathogenesis of Crohn′s disease (CD), an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, is
attributed, in part, to intestinal bacteria that may initiate and perpetuate mucosal inflammation …

Background P‐glycoprotein, the gene product of MDR1, confers multidrug resistance against
antineoplastic agents but also plays an important role in the bioavailability of common …

Accumulating research shows that prenatal exposure to maternal stress increases the risk for
behavioral and mental health problems later in life. This review systematically analyzes the …

Context The growth inhibitory effect of tamoxifen, which is used for the treatment of hormone
receptor–positive breast cancer, is mediated by its metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen and …

Recently, the synthesis of organic materials with high porosity has received considerable
scientific interest, and various chemical approaches have been applied to the build-up of …

Purpose: According to current guidelines, molecular tests predicting the outcome of breast
cancer patients can be used to assist in making treatment decisions after consideration of …

We investigated the elimination routes for the 200 drugs that are sold most often by prescription
count in the United States. The majority (78%) of the hepatically cleared drugs were …