More than 15 years ago, mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene were identified
as the cause of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1). It is now clear that this …

Strong epidemiological evidence now exists that sex is an important biologic variable in
immunity. Recent studies, for example, have revealed that sex differences are associated with …

In the thymus, developing T cells that react against self-antigens with high affinity are deleted
in the process of negative selection. An essential component of this process is the display …

Although disorders of iron metabolism are prevalent, iron transport remains poorly
understood. To address this problem, we undertook a positional cloning strategy to identify the …

The Belgrade (b) rat has an autosomal recessively inherited, microcytic, hypochromic anemia
associated with abnormal reticulocyte iron uptake and gastrointestinal iron absorption. The …

The prevention of autoimmunity requires the elimination of self-reactive T cells during their
development and maturation. The expression of diverse self-antigens by stromal cells in the …

Forkhead Box P3 (Foxp3)-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells are central to maintaining self-tolerance
and immune homeostasis. How Treg cell function and Foxp3 expression are …

Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in AIRE cause autoimmune polyglandular
syndrome type 1 (APS 1), which manifests in a classic triad of hypoparathyroidism, adrenal …

Viral infection outcomes are sex biased, with males generally more susceptible than females.
Paradoxically, the numbers of antiviral natural killer (NK) cells are increased in males. We …

Microcytic anemia (mk) mice and Belgrade (b) rats have severe iron deficiency anemia due
to defects in intestinal iron transport and erythroid iron utilization. Both animal mutants carry …