It has long been appreciated that the experience of pain is highly variable between
individuals. Pain results from activation of sensory receptors specialized to detect actual or …

Chronic pain, whether the result of nerve trauma or persistent inflammation, is a debilitating
condition that exerts a high social cost in terms of productivity, economic impact and quality …

Preclinical studies coupled with clinical pharmacologic and neuroimaging investigations
have advanced our understanding of brain circuits that modulate pain. Descending pain …

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic syndrome that often arises from injuries to peripheral
nerves. Such pain has been hypothesized to be the result of an aberrant expression and …

Introduction Galcanezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody binding calcitonin gene-related
peptide, used for migraine prevention. Methods A global, double-blind, 6-month study …

Calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide found primarily in the C
and Aδ sensory fibers arising from the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia, as well as the …

The nonopioid actions of spinal dynorphin may promote aspects of abnormal pain after
nerve injury. Mechanistic similarities have been suggested between opioid tolerance and …

Many clinical case reports have suggested that sustained opioid exposure can elicit unexpected,
paradoxical pain. Here, we explore the possibility that (1) opioid-induced pain results …

Objective The goal of this narrative review is to provide an overview of migraine pathophysiology,
with an emphasis on the role of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) within the …

Although injury-induced afferent discharge declines significantly over time, experimental
neuropathic pain persists unchanged for long periods. These observations suggest that …