We have used high-density oligonucleotide arrays to study global circadian gene expression
in Drosophila melanogaster. Coupled with an analysis of clock mutant (Clk) flies, a cell line …

The outcomes of evolution are determined by a stochastic dynamical process that governs
how mutations arise and spread through a population. However, it is difficult to observe these …

A survey of 4,412 newborn babies was conducted in an effort to further define thenature and
incidence of structural defects, particularly minor abnormalities. Two per cent of the babies …

Sex and recombination are pervasive throughout nature despite their substantial costs 1 .
Understanding the evolutionary forces that maintain these phenomena is a central challenge …

Farmed ruminants are the largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions globally. The
methanogenic archaea responsible for these emissions use molecular hydrogen (H 2 ), …

The capacity for phenotypic evolution is dependent upon complex webs of functional
interactions that connect genotype and phenotype. Wrinkly spreader (WS) genotypes arise …

Microbial experimental evolution uses controlled laboratory populations to study the
mechanisms of evolution. The molecular analysis of evolved populations enables empirical tests …

The genome-sequencing gold rush has facilitated the use of comparative genomics to
uncover patterns of genome evolution, although their causal mechanisms remain elusive. One …

We report the identification and characterization of a newDrosophila clock-regulated gene,
takeout (to). to is a member of a novel gene family and is implicated in circadian control of …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) confers the rapid acquisition of novel traits and is pervasive
throughout microbial evolution. Despite the central role of HGT, the evolutionary forces that …