High-affinity antibodies are generated in germinal centers in a process involving mutation
and selection of B cells. Information processing in germinal center reactions has been …

The germinal center (GC) reaction produces high-affinity antibodies by random mutation and
selective clonal expansion of B cells with high-affinity receptors. The mechanism by which …

Antibodies somatically mutate to attain high affinity in germinal centers (GCs). There, competition
between B cell clones and among somatic mutants of each clone drives an increase in …

We study multicellular tumor spheroids by introducing a new three-dimensional agent-based
Voronoi-Delaunay hybrid model. In this model, the cell shape varies from spherical in thin …

According to in vitro assays, T cells are thought to kill rapidly and efficiently, but the efficacy
and dynamics of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated killing of virus-infected cells in vivo …

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection represents a global threat causing seasonal outbreaks and
pandemics. Additionally, secondary bacterial infections, caused mainly by Streptococcus …

Class-switch recombination (CSR) is a DNA recombination process that replaces the
immunoglobulin (Ig) constant region for the isotype that can best protect against the pathogen. …

Affinity maturation of B cells in germinal centers (GCs) is a process of evolution, involving
random mutation of immunoglobulin genes followed by natural selection by T cells. Only B …

The magnitude and quality of the germinal center (GC) response decline with age, resulting
in poor vaccine-induced immunity in older individuals. A functional GC requires the co-…

Optimal spatial sampling of light rigorously requires that identical photoreceptors be arranged
in perfectly regular arrays in two dimensions. Examples of such perfect arrays in nature …