Consistent gains in grain yield in dry environments have been made by empirical breeding
although there is disturbing evidence that these gains may have slowed. There are few …

Agriculture is expanding into regions that are affected by salinity. This review considers the
energetic costs of salinity tolerance in crop plants and provides a framework for a quantitative …

There is little consensus on whether having a large root system is the best strategy in adapting
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to water-limited environments. We explore the reasons for …

The gap between current average global wheat yields and that achievable through best
agronomic management and crop genetics is large. This is notable in intensive wheat rotations …

Model systems not only allow scientists to investigate complex processes that are difficult to
study in nonmodel organisms but also serve to focus community efforts and resources, …

Charles Darwin founded root system architecture research in 1880 when he described a root
bending with gravity. Curving, elongating, and branching are the three cellular processes …

• Background Roots growing in soil encounter physical, chemical and biological environments
that influence their rhizospheres and affect plant growth. Exudates from roots can …

Nearly 100 years ago, Engler described the unusual root morphology of plants in the family
Proteaceae growing in the Leipzig Botanic Gardens. They had extensively branched roots …

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) was grown in hydroponic culture with 1 μm phosphorus to
enable the development of proteoid roots to be observed in conjunction with organic acid …

The rhizosphere microbiome is regulated by plant genotype, root exudates and environment.
There is substantial interest in breeding and managing crops that host root microbial …