Diverse optogenetic tools have allowed versatile control over neural activity. Many depolarizing
and hyperpolarizing tools have now been developed in multiple laboratories and tested …

Precisely defining the roles of specific cell types is an intriguing frontier in the study of intact
biological systems and has stimulated the rapid development of genetically encoded tools …

Many naturalistic behaviors are built from modular components that are expressed sequentially.
Although striatal circuits have been implicated in action selection and implementation, …

10.7554/eLife.46464.001 The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is an important source of
neuromodulators and has been implicated in a wide variety of behavioral and neurological disorders…

Urine release (micturition) serves an essential physiological function as well as a critical role
in social communication in many animals. Here, we show a combined effect of olfaction and …

The thalamic parafascicular nucleus (PF), an excitatory input to the basal ganglia, is targeted
with deep-brain stimulation to alleviate a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, …

Fiber photometry is increasingly utilized to monitor fluorescent sensors of neural activity in
the brain. However, most implementations are based on flat-cleaved optical fibers that can …

The lateral habenula (LHb) is an epithalamic brain structure critical for processing and
adapting to negative action outcomes. However, despite the importance of LHb to behavior and …

The estrous cycle is regulated by rhythmic endocrine interactions of the nervous and
reproductive systems, which coordinate the hormonal and ovulatory functions of the ovary. …

Excitatory signaling mediated by NMDARs has been shown to regulate mood disorders.
However, current treatments targeting NMDAR subtypes have shown limited success in treating …