Background and Objectives To evaluate the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica
spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and the therapeutic mechanism and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) …

Objective Pathological breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is thought to constitute
the beginning of the disease process in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). In the current study, we …

Background and Objectives To analyze (1) the effect of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from patients
with anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab)–associated disorder on …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) when
administered peripherally, which hinders its therapeutic potential. We utilized an in vitro BBB …

Spinal cord sarcoidosis (SCS) is rare, and its diagnosis is challenging. We examined clinical,
laboratory, and imaging features in patients with SCS to obtain useful clues for diagnosis …

We investigated the effect of the presence of an oviposition substrate on female remating
behavior in three strains of the adzuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. In the two strains …

We report a 59-year-old Japanese male who developed gradually worsening weakness and
numbness of distal four extremities since age 50. His parents were first cousins, and blood …

Objectives In skeletal muscle, the capillaries have tight junctions (TJs) that are structurally
similar to those in the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and blood‐nerve barrier (BNB). Although the …

We studied the effect of angiotensin II analogue (AII-A) and angio- tensin I converting enzyme
inhibitor (SQ 14, 225) on Page 1 Hypotensive Response to Angiotensin II Analogue and …

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy caused
by antibodies against the aquaporin 4(AQP4) in end-feet of astrocytes. Breakdown of the …