The primate lentivirus auxiliary protein Vpx counteracts an unknown restriction factor that
renders human dendritic and myeloid cells largely refractory to HIV-1 infection 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 …

SAMHD1 restricts the infection of dendritic and other myeloid cells by human immunodeficiency
virus type 1 (HIV-1), but in lentiviruses of the simian immunodeficiency virus of sooty …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded noncoding RNAs of 19 to 25 nucleotides that
function as gene regulators and as a host cell defense against both RNA and DNA viruses. We …

NF-κB represents a family of eukaryotic transcription factors participating in the regulation of
various cellular genes involved in the immediate early processes of immune, acute-phase, …

In plants and invertebrate animals, RNA silencing is a form of nucleic acid-based adaptive
immunity. By contrast, jawed vertebrates have evolved complex protein-based adaptive …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) trans‐activator protein, Tat, stimulates transcription
from the viral long‐terminal repeats (LTR) through an RNA hairpin element, trans‐…

Human chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) functions as a co-receptor for Human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV-1) infection. CCR5 is a seven-transmembrane cell surface receptor. Recently, …

Antiretroviral therapy is not curative. Given the challenges in providing lifelong therapy to a
global population of more than 35 million people living with HIV, there is intense interest in …

SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 replication in myeloid and quiescent CD4 + T cells. Here, we show
that SAMHD1 restriction activity is regulated by phosphorylation. SAMHD1 interacts with …

Chemokines and chemokine receptors play important roles in HIV-1 infection and tropism.
CCR5 is the major macrophage-tropic coreceptor for HIV-1 whereas CXC chemokine receptor …