The molecular basis of nephronophthisis 1 , the most frequent genetic cause of renal failure
in children and young adults, and its association with retinal degeneration and cerebellar …

Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is the most frequent genetic cause of chronic renal failure in
children 1 , 2 , 3 . Identification of four genes mutated in NPHP subtypes 1–4 (refs. 4 – 9 ) has …

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), a major manifestation of immunoglobulin G4–related disease
(IgG4-RD), is an immune-mediated disorder, but the target autoantigens are still unknown. …

Objective IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disease characterised by elevated
serum IgG4 and IgG4-positive lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the affected tissues. The …

The sudden appearance of the neural crest and neurogenic placodes in early branching
vertebrates has puzzled biologists for over a century 1 . These embryonic tissues contribute to …

Mesenchymal activation, characterized by dense stromal infiltration of immune and mesenchymal
cells, fuels the aggressiveness of colorectal cancers (CRC), driving progression and …

The anterior sensory vesicle of ascidian larvae contains a single large vesicle in which lie
two distinct types of pigment cells, anterior and posterior. The ultrastructure of these pigment …

Background & Aims The ARID1A gene encodes a protein that is part of the large adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF and is frequently …

A novel gene encoding visual pigment, Ci-opsin1, was identified in a primitive chordate, the
ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. Molecular phylogenetic analysis and the exon–intron …

Glutamate is a major neurotransmitter in the excitatory synapses of both vertebrate and
invertebrate nervous systems and is involved in many neural processes including photo‐, …