Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A-derived, non-peptidic, small lipophilic molecule that acts as
ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs), converting them from transcriptional repressors to …

Mouse Otx2 is a bicoid-class homeobox gene, related to the Drosophila orthodenticle (otd)
gene. Expression of this gene is initially widespread in the epiblast at embryonic day 5.5 but …

During development of multicellular organisms, cells respond to extracellular cues through
nonlinear signal transduction cascades whose principal components have been identified. …

A number of studies have suggested that retinoic acid (RA) is an important signal for patterning
the hindbrain, the branchial arches and the limb bud. Retinoic acid is thought to act on …

Cell fate in the cephalic neural primordium is controlled by an organizer located at the
midbrain–hindbrain boundary. Studies in chick, mouse and zebrafish converge to show that …

Cellular senescence is a state comprising an essentially irreversible proliferative arrest
combined with phenotypic changes and pronounced secretory activity. Although senescence has …

The homeobox gene Otx2 is a mouse cognate of the Drosophila orthodenticle gene, which
is required for development of the brain, rostral to rhombomere three. We have investigated …

The progressive generation of embryonic trunk structures relies on the proper patterning of
the caudal epiblast, which involves the integration of several signalling pathways. We have …

Genetic and embryological experiments have demonstrated an essential role for the visceral
endoderm in the formation of the forebrain; however, the precise molecular and cellular …

Retinoic acid (RA), an active vitamin A metabolite, is a key signaling molecule in vertebrate
embryos. Morphogenetic RA gradients are thought to be set up by tissue-specific actions of …