Biomarkers commonly assessed in prenatal screening have been associated with a number
of adverse perinatal and birth outcomes. However, it is not clear whether first trimester …

Numerous lines of evidence point to a genetic basis for facial morphology in humans, yet little
is known about how specific genetic variants relate to the phenotypic expression of many …

Background Although craniofacial sex differences have been extensively studied in humans,
relatively little is known about when various dimorphic features manifest during postnatal …

Children with oral clefts show a wide range of dental anomalies, adding complexity to
understanding the phenotypic spectrum of orofacial clefting. The evidence is mixed, however, on …

Untreated depression presents a distinct set of risks for pregnancy complications. Past studies
have connected antenatal depression with adverse birth outcomes. The purpose of this …

Purpose Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyze studies that assessed
the association between gestational vitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in …

Family relatives of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate ( NSCL / P
) who presumably carry a genetic risk yet do not manifest overt oral clefts, often present with …

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is generally viewed as a complex trait with multiple
genetic and environmental contributions. In 70% of cases, CL/P presents as an isolated …

Purpose Meeting patient desires for enhanced facial esthetics requires that providers have
standardized and objective methods to measure esthetics. The authors evaluated the effects …

Background: Donor human milk supplementation for healthy newborns has increased.
Racial-ethnic disparities in supplementation have been described in the neonatal intensive care …