Background The global rise of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and
cardiovascular disease, demands a thorough molecular understanding of the cellular …

The endoplasmic reticulum is primarily responsible for protein folding and maturation.
However, the organelle is subject to varied stress conditions from time to time, which lead to the …

The accumulation of somatic DNA mutations over time is a hallmark of aging in many dividing
and nondividing cells but has not been studied in postmitotic human cardiomyocytes. …

As binary switches, RAS proteins switch to an ON/OFF state during signaling and are on a
leash under normal conditions. However, in RAS-related diseases such as cancer and …

Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) is one of the major circulating anti-protease whose levels in
circulation are raised during excessive amount of proteases, especially neutrophil elastase (NE) …

IRE1 is a transmembrane signalling protein that activates the unfolded protein response
under endoplasmic reticulum stress. IRE1 is endowed with kinase and endoribonuclease …

Aims Osmolytes are small organic molecules which play a significant role in maintaining
functional homeostasis of proteins under extreme hostile stresses. Any imbalance to cell …

Single-cell approaches have become an increasingly popular way of understanding the
genetic factors behind disease. Isolation of DNA and RNA from human tissues is necessary to …

Anemia is a common concern in geriatric age group in developing countries. The purpose
of this study was to identify the common causes and types of anemia in elderly patients in …

… Nazia Hilal contributed to the development of methodology and proofreading. Khalid
Majid Fazili proofreading, conceptualization, formal analysis, supervision, and project …