The biguanide drug metformin is widely prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes and metabolic
syndrome, but its mode of action remains uncertain. Metformin also increases lifespan in …

More than 80 mutant mouse genes disrupt neurulation and allow an in-depth analysis of the
underlying developmental mechanisms. Although many of the genetic mutants have been …

Neural tube defects are severe congenital malformations affecting around one in every 1000
pregnancies. An innovation in clinical management has come from the finding that closure …

… Neural tube closure is discontinuous: Closure initiates de novo at specific sites along the
body axis, and progression of fusion in the dorsal midline extends the closed region to close …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous inherited disorder arising
from dysmotility of motile cilia and sperm. This is associated with a variety of ultrastructural …

Congenital defects of neural tube closure (neural tube defects; NTDs) are among the
commonest and most severe disorders of the fetus and newborn. Disturbance of any of the …

Neural tube closure has been studied for many decades, across a range of vertebrates, as a
paradigm of embryonic morphogenesis. Neurulation is of particular interest in view of the …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common, severe congenital malformations whose causation
involves multiple genes and environmental factors. Although more than 200 genes are …

Planar-cell-polarity (PCP) signalling is necessary for initiation of neural tube closure in higher
vertebrates. In mice with PCP gene mutations, a broad embryonic midline prevents the …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital malformations affecting 1 in every 1000
pregnancies. ‘Open’ NTDs result from failure of primary neurulation as seen in anencephaly, …