Carlos Fuentes once observed that to be a Spanish American intellectual was to fulfill the
roles, by default, of" a tribune, a member of parliament, a labor leader, a journalist, a redeemer …

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Common variants at 27 loci have
been identified as associated with susceptibility to breast cancer, and these account for ∼9…

Objective: The development of clinically validated biomarkers for cancer has remained an
insurmountable task despite other advances in the field of cancer molecular biology. Mi (cro) …

Background Previous studies have suggested that breast cancer risk factors are associated
with estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression status of the tumors. …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and large-scale replication studies have identified
common variants in 79 loci associated with breast cancer, explaining ∼14% of the familial …

Background: Data for multiple common susceptibility alleles for breast cancer may be combined
to identify women at different levels of breast cancer risk. Such stratification could guide …

Introduction Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease encompassing a number of
phenotypically diverse tumours. Expression levels of the oestrogen, progesterone and HER2/neu …

Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors represent 20–30% of all breast cancers, with a higher
proportion occurring in younger women and women of African ancestry 1 . The etiology 2 …

Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the site-specific
dysregulation of some miRNAs and explain their potential as non-invasive …

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) added an extra level of intricacy to the already
complex system regulating gene expression. These single-stranded RNA molecules, 18–25 …