At the presynaptic active zone, Ca 2+ influx triggers fusion of synaptic vesicles. It is not well
understood how Ca 2+ channel clustering and synaptic vesicle docking are organized. Here, …

Inner hair cell ribbon synapses indefatigably transmit acoustic information. The proteins
mediating their fast vesicle replenishment (hundreds of vesicles per s) are unknown. We found …

Synaptic ribbons, found at the presynaptic membrane of sensory cells in both ear and eye,
have been implicated in the vesicle-pool dynamics of synaptic transmission. To elucidate …

Auditory prostheses can partially restore speech comprehension when hearing fails. Sound
coding with current prostheses is based on electrical stimulation of auditory neurons and …

Short-term synaptic plasticity, the dynamic alteration of synaptic strength during high-frequency
activity, is a fundamental characteristic of all synapses. At the calyx of Held, repetitive …

The formation of central nervous system myelin by oligodendrocytes requires sterol synthesis
and is associated with a significant enrichment of cholesterol in the myelin membrane. …

Inner hair cells (IHCs) of the cochlea use ribbon synapses to transmit auditory information
faithfully to spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). In the present study, we used genetic disruption of …

Background Transgenic mice have become an important tool to elucidate the genetic
foundation of the human language faculty. While learning is an essential prerequisite for the …

Myelinating oligodendrocytes enable fast propagation of action potentials along the ensheathed
axons. In addition, oligodendrocytes play diverse non-canonical roles including axonal …

For sounds of a given frequency, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) with different thresholds
and dynamic ranges collectively encode the wide range of audible sound pressures. …