Although the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been studied intensely for decades, its precise
functions have remained elusive. We recently hypothesized that the OFC contains a "cognitive …

INTRODUCTION The hippocampus plays an important role in memory and spatial navigation.
When rodents navigate a spatial maze, hippocampal neurons called place cells show …

We examined whether older adults differ from younger adults in how they learn from rewarding
and aversive outcomes. Human participants were asked to either learn to choose actions …

Many daily behaviors require us to actively focus on the current task and ignore all other
distractions. Yet, ignoring everything else might hinder the ability to discover new ways to …

In human neuroscience, studies of cognition are rarely grounded in non-task-evoked, ‘spontaneous’
neural activity. Indeed, studies of spontaneous activity tend to focus predominantly …

Making decisions in environments with few choice options is easy. We select the action that
results in the most valued outcome. Making decisions in more complex environments, where …

A growing body of work is investigating the use of mental maps during decision-making. Here
we discuss how decision-making organizes experiences according to an internal model of …

Humans can navigate flexibly to meet their goals. Here, we asked how the neural representation
of allocentric space is distorted by goal-directed behavior. Participants navigated an …

Experience-related brain activity patterns reactivate during sleep, wakeful rest, and brief
pauses from active behavior. In parallel, machine learning research has found that experience …

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers a rich source of data for studying the
neural basis of cognition. Here, we describe the Brain Imaging Analysis Kit (BrainIAK), an …