Molecular alterations in cancer can cause phenotypic changes in tumor cells and their
microenvironment. Routine histopathology tissue slides, which are ubiquitously available, can …

Background: The treatment for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is
controversial because PTMC is often found incidentally and its prognosis is very good. Lymph …

Fractals are mathematical constructs that show self-similarity over a range of scales and non-integer
(fractal) dimensions. Owing to these properties, fractal geometry can be used to …

Background: Thyroid-related mortality has remained constant despite the increasing incidence
of thyroid carcinoma. Most thyroid nodules are benign; therefore, ultrasound and fine …

The receptor tyrosine kinase MET has been studied of a large variety of human cancers,
including lung and mesothelioma. The MET receptor and its ligand HGF (hepatocyte growth …

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common salivary gland malignancy, but
categorization is complicated by variability in grading systems and uncertain prognostic …

Background: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) comprises 10% of differentiated thyroid
cancers. Diagnostic controversy and interobserver variability render the practical diagnosis of …

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) are
follicular-patterned thyroid neoplasms defined by nuclear atypia and indolent behavior. They …

Artificial intelligence methods including deep neural networks (DNN) can provide rapid
molecular classification of tumors from routine histology with accuracy that matches or exceeds …

Rising cancer care costs impose financial burdens on health systems. Applying artificial
intelligence to diagnostic algorithms may reduce testing costs and avoid wasteful therapy-…