The air we breathe is filled with thousands of fungal spores (conidia) per cubic metre, which
in certain composting environments can easily exceed 10 9 per cubic metre. They originate …

Cytolytic proteins and peptide toxins are classical virulence factors of several bacterial
pathogens which disrupt epithelial barrier function, damage cells and activate or modulate host …

Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important airborne fungal pathogen causing life-threatening
infections in immunocompromised patients. Macrophages and neutrophils are known to …

The short-chain hydrocarbons ethane, propane and butane are constituents of natural gas.
They are usually assumed to be of thermochemical origin 1 , but biological formation of …

Th17 cells provide protection at barrier tissues but may also contribute to immune pathology.
The relevance and induction mechanisms of pathologic Th17 responses in humans are …

FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain tolerance against self-antigens and innocuous
environmental antigens. However, it is still unknown whether Treg-mediated tolerance is …

Aspergillus fumigatus is the most important airborne fungal pathogen of immunosuppressed
humans. A. fumigatus is able to produce dihydroxynaphthalene melanin, which is …

Macrophages and neutrophils kill the airborne fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. The
dependency of this killing process on reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) has been strongly …

Iron homeostasis requires subtle control systems, as iron is both essential and toxic. In
Aspergillus nidulans, iron represses iron acquisition via the GATA factor SreA, and induces iron‐…

Background Millions of humans and animals suffer from superficial infections caused by a
group of highly specialized filamentous fungi, the dermatophytes, which exclusively infect …