This article is based on a consensus conference, which took place in Certosa di Pontignano,
Siena (Italy) on March 7–9, 2008, intended to update the previous safety guidelines for the …

These guidelines provide an up-date of previous IFCN report on “Non-invasive electrical and
magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for …

In 1980 Merton and Morton introduced a technique of percutaneous stimulation of the motor
cortex using electrical shocks by discharging a 0.1/zF condenser charged up to 2000 V …

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic
use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until …

In the immune system, extracellular ATP functions as a “natural adjuvant” that exhibits multiple
proinflammatory effects. It is released by damaged cells as an indicator of trauma and cell …

… At present, most laboratories use a relative frequency method based on the Rossini criterion
to determine the CMT. However, this CMT criterion has been criticized because it neglects …

This article is based on a consensus conference, promoted and supported by the International
Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), which took place in Siena (Italy) in …

Hand loss is a highly disabling event that markedly affects the quality of life. To achieve a
close to natural replacement for the lost hand, the user should be provided with the rich …

Low intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in humans, encompassing
transcranial direct current (tDCS), transcutaneous spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS), …

The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) is in the process of updating
its Recommendations for clinical practice published in 1999. These new recommendations …