A major goal in biology is to understand how evolution shapes variation in individual life
histories. Genome-wide association studies have been successful in uncovering genome …

Health after pathogen contact varies among individuals because of differences in pathogen
load (which is limited by resistance) and disease severity in response to pathogen load (…

Ecological communities and biodiversity are shaped by both abiotic and biotic factors. This is
well illustrated by extreme environments and invasive species. Besides naturally occurring …

Sexual maturation in many fishes requires a major physiological change that involves a
rapid transition between energy storage and usage. In Atlantic salmon, this transition for the …

The between-population genetic architecture for growth and maturation has not been examined
in detail for many animal species despite its central importance in understanding hybrid …

Sexual dimorphism, or sex‐specific trait expression, may evolve when selection favours
different optima for the same trait between sexes, that is, under antagonistic selection. Intra‐…

Hosts can defend themselves against parasites either by preventing or limiting infections (resistance)
or by limiting parasite-induced damage (tolerance). However, it remains …

The understanding of swimming physiology and knowledge on the metabolic costs of swimming
are important for assessing effects of environmental factors on migratory behavior. Swim …

The optimal phenotypes to survive and reproduce in given evolutionary settings are often in
conflict, which manifest as trade-offs in life history traits. Genome-wide association studies …

Ecological differentiation, sexual selection and sexual conflict have been proposed as
speciation drivers in copepods, but empirical support is scarce. Because sexual conflict is …