MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules of around 22 nucleotides in
length. They are crucially involved in the post transcriptional regulation and thus play a …

CRISPR-Cas9 is an RNA-mediated adaptive immune system that protects bacteria and
archaea from viruses or plasmids. Herein we discuss the recent development of CRISPR-Cas9 …

Higher oil prices and the necessity for long-term energy security have increased the public
and scientific attention on the production of biofuels. Bioenergy is much cleaner, safer, and …

Finding fundamental organizing principles is the current intellectual front end of systems
biology. From a hydrogen atom to the whole cell level, organisms manage massively parallel …

The emergence of high throughput biological technologies in 1990s encouraged scientists
to ask bigger questions. People moved their attention from parts to interactions. Though …

Two major complementary double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways exist in vertebrates,
homologous recombination (HR), which involves Rad54, and non-homologous end-joining, …

Yeast Rad52 DNA-repair mutants exhibit pronounced radiation sensitivity and a defect in
homologous re combination (HR), whereas vertebrate cells lacking Rad52 exhibit a nearly …

Obligatory intracellular parasites have undergone significant genome reduction by gene loss
over time in the context of their obligate associations with the host. The flux, streamlining …

One of the earliest events in the signal transduction cascade that initiates a DNA damage
checkpoint is the phosphorylation on serine 139 of histone H2AX (γH2AX) at DNA double-…

… Pawan K. Dhar (Co-Editor of this book) who gave me outstanding personal and professional
support as well as inspiration to finish this book. I would like to thank Rafael Teixeira (…