The roles of restriction-modification (RM) systems in providing immunity against horizontal
gene transfer (HGT) and in stabilizing mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have been much …

Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile is a leading cause of healthcare-associated
infections. Although considerable progress has been made in the understanding of its genome, …

Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They support high biodiversity
of multicellular organisms that strongly rely on associated microorganisms for health and …

Bacterial adaptation is accelerated by the acquisition of novel traits through horizontal gene
transfer, but the integration of these genes affects genome organization. We found that …

Restriction–modification (RM) systems are often regarded as bacteria's innate immune
systems, protecting cells from infection by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Their diversification …

An increasing number of studies have reported that bacterial DNA methylation has important
functions beyond the roles in restriction-modification systems, including the ability of …

The global increase in the number of applications involving therapeutic plasmid DNA (pDNA)
is creating a need for large amounts of highly stable and purified molecules. One of the …

Nonviral gene therapy and DNA vaccines have become the first promising approaches to
treat, cure, or ultimately prevent disease by providing genetic information encoded on a …

Self-transmissible mobile genetic elements drive horizontal gene transfer between
prokaryotes. Some of these elements integrate in the chromosome, whereas others replicate …

Structural instability has been frequently observed in natural plasmids and vectors used for
protein expression or DNA vaccine development. However, there is a lack of information …