Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional
remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was …

According to the classical view of the nervous system, the numerically superior glial cells have
inferior roles in that they provide an ideal environment for neuronal-cell function. However…

NEUROTRANSMITTER released from neurons is known to signal to neighbouring neurons
and glia 1–3 Here we demonstrate an additional signalling pathway in which glutamate is …

Glial cells are emerging from the background to become more prominent in our thinking about
integration in the nervous system. Given that glial cells associated with synapses integrate …

From a structural perspective, the predominant glial cell of the central nervous system, the
astrocyte, is positioned to regulate synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling: the …

To investigate the role of astrocytes in regulating synaptic transmission, we generated
inducible transgenic mice that express a dominant-negative SNARE domain selectively in …

The identification of the presence of active signaling between astrocytes and neurons in a
process termed gliotransmission has caused a paradigm shift in our thinking about brain …

Fast excitatory neurotransmission is mediated by activation of synaptic ionotropic glutamate
receptors. In hippocampal slices, we report that stimulation of Schaffer collaterals evokes in …

In addition to being essential supporters of neuronal function, astrocytes are now recognized
as active elements in the brain. Astrocytes sense and integrate synaptic activity and, …

Astrocytes modulate neuronal activity by releasing chemical transmitters via a process termed
gliotransmission. The role of this process in the control of behavior is unknown. Since one …