Lentiviruses are a distinctive genus of retroviruses that cause chronic, persistent infections
in mammals, including humans. The emergence of pandemic HIV type-1 (HIV-1) infection …

Retroviral integration into germline DNA can result in the formation of a vertically inherited
proviral sequence called an endogenous retrovirus (ERV). Over the course of their evolution, …

Integration into the nuclear genome of germ line cells can lead to vertical inheritance of
retroviral genes as host alleles. For other viruses, germ line integration has only rarely been …

One of the features distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from its more pathogenic counterpart SARS-CoV
is the presence of premature stop codons in its ORF3b gene. Here, we show that SARS…

Background There are thousands of survivors of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in west Africa.
Ebola virus can persist in survivors for months in immune-privileged sites; however, viral …

The host innate immune response mediated by type I interferon (IFN) and the resulting up-regulation
of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) provide an immediate barrier to …

The lentiviruses are associated with a wide range of chronic diseases in mammals. These
include immunodeficiencies (such as HIV/AIDS in humans), malignancies, and lymphatic and …

Genetic robustness, or fragility, is defined as the ability, or lack thereof, of a biological entity
to maintain function in the face of mutations. Viruses that replicate via RNA intermediates …

The calibrated population resistance (CPR) tool is a web-accessible program for performing
standardized genotypic estimation of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance. The program is …

Lentiviruses chronically infect a broad range of mammalian species and have been transmitted
from primates to humans, giving rise to multiple outbreaks of HIV infection over the past …