In mammalian genomes, the methylation of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides is
crucial to normal development and cell differentiation. However, methylation of cytosines in the …

… RL Ward2 … Professor RL Ward … Hawkins NJ, Ward RL. Sporadic colorectal cancers with
microsatellite instability and their possible origin in hyperplastic polyps and serrated adenomas. J …

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant syndrome
characterised by a predisposition to early onset colorectal, endometrial and other cancers. …

Genetic alterations in tumor cells often lead to the emergence of growth-stimulatory
autocrine and paracrine signals, involving overexpression of secreted peptide growth factors, …

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) has been directly detecting
gravitational waves from compact binary mergers since 2015. We report on the first use of …

… Ward RL, Akin EW. Minimun infective dose of animal viruses. CRC Critical Reviews in …
Knowlton DR, Ward RL. Effect of mutation in immunodominant neutralization epitopes on the …

Epigenetic silencing can mimic genetic mutation by abolishing expression of a gene. We
hypothesized that an epimutation could occur in any gene as a germline event that predisposes …

<p id="p001">Persons who have hypermethylation of one allele of <italic>MLH1</italic> in
somatic cells throughout the body (a germ-line epimutation) have a predisposition for the …

Activation of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway provides growth inhibitory signals in
the normal intestinal epithelium. Colorectal cancers (CRCs) frequently harbor somatic …

… Ward … Gibbs, and RL Ward), and supported by researchers at the National Institute for
Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. …