… Whether the model contained random effects or not determined the type of R subroutine
we used (electronic supplementary material, table S2). Models containing exclusively fixed …

A large diversity of parasites manipulates their hosts in various ways to complete their own
life cycle. Enhancing the attractiveness of their host to vectors has been suggested as a …

Over a decade ago, the discovery of transgenerational immunity in invertebrates shifted
existing paradigms on the lack of sophistication of their immune system. Nonetheless, the …

Theoretical studies predict that parasitic infection may impact host longevity and ultimately
modify the trade-off between reproduction and survival. Indeed, a host may adjust its energy …

Temporal variations in the activity of arthropod vectors can dramatically affect the epidemiology
and evolution of vector-borne pathogens. Here, we explore the “Hawking hypothesis”, …

… hierarchical likelihood ratio test (hLRTs) performed with R 3.2.0 and the package APE (Paradis
et … uncorrected pairwise distances with the ‘dist.dna’ command in the APE package in R. …

… All analyses were performed in R 3.3.2. The effect of sex on bird attractiveness was tested
using a repeated G-test of goodness of fit [53, 56]. The observed preference for male great tits (…

… Romain Pigeault … Analyses were carried out using the R statistical package (v. 3.1.1).
The different statistical models built to analyse the data are described in Additional file 3. …

Wolbachia is a vertically transmitted endosymbiont whose radiative success is mainly
related to various host reproductive manipulations that led to consider this symbiont as a …

In the early 1990s, the high bycatch of harbour porpoise in gillnet fisheries in the North and
Celtic Seas prompted researchers from Range States to develop a project to survey these …