Increases in ultraviolet radiation at the Earth's surface due to the depletion of the stratospheric
ozone layer have recently fuelled interest in the mechanisms of various effects it might …

Stress is a well‐known risk factor in the development of addiction and in addiction relapse
vulnerability. A series of population‐based and epidemiological studies have identified …

Rationale: The notion that stress leads to drug abuse in vulnerable individuals and relapse in
addicts is not new. Most major theories of addiction postulate that stress plays an important …

Background Childhood obesity, epidemic in the United States, has been accompanied by
an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents. We …

To the Editor—Rapid advances in DNA-sequencing and bioinformatics technologies in the
past two decades have substantially improved understanding of the microbial world. This …

Diet strongly affects human health, partly by modulating gut microbiome composition. We
used diet inventories and 16S rDNA sequencing to characterize fecal samples from 98 …

Molecular characterization of cell types using single-cell transcriptome sequencing is
revolutionizing cell biology and enabling new insights into the physiology of human organs. We …

… The CGDS-R package provides direct access to all portal data within the R framework for
statistical computing and graphics. The package is available for download from CRAN (the …

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor that is upregulated
on activated T cells for the induction of immune tolerance 1 , 2 . Tumour cells frequently …

Although single-cell RNA sequencing studies have begun to provide compendia of cell
expression profiles 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 – 9 , it has been difficult to systematically identify and …