Background Polyarteritis nodosa is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis with a pathogenesis
that is poorly understood. We identified six families with multiple cases of systemic and …

PhoQ is a membrane bound sensor kinase important for the pathogenesis of a number of
Gram-negative bacterial species. PhoQ and its cognate response regulator PhoP constitute a …

RING finger domain and RING finger-like ubiquitin ligases (E3s), such as U-box proteins,
constitute the vast majority of known E3s. RING-type E3s function together with ubiquitin-…

The RING domain of the breast and ovarian cancer tumor suppressor BRCA1 interacts with
multiple cognate proteins, including the RING protein BARD1. Proper function of the BRCA1 …

Although the functional interaction between ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) and ubiquitin
ligases (E3s) is essential in ubiquitin (Ub) signalling, the criteria that define an active E2–…

Vaccines prevent infectious disease largely by inducing protective neutralizing antibodies
against vulnerable epitopes. Several major pathogens have resisted traditional vaccine …

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are the central players in the trio of enzymes responsible
for the attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to cellular proteins. Humans have∼ 40 E2s that are …

An E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates the transfer of activated ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating
enzyme to its substrate lysine residues. Using a structure-based, yeast two-hybrid …

Protein ubiquitination is a powerful regulatory modification that influences nearly every aspect
of eukaryotic cell biology. The general pathway for ubiquitin (Ub) modification requires the …

Despite the widespread importance of RING/U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases in ubiquitin (Ub)
signaling, the mechanism by which this class of enzymes facilitates Ub transfer remains …