Dynein and kinesin motor proteins transport cellular cargoes toward opposite ends of
microtubule tracks. In neurons, microtubules are abundantly decorated with microtubule-…

Kinesins and myosins are motor proteins that can move actively along microtubules and
actin filaments, respectively. Plants have evolved a unique set of motors that function as …

As scientists, we are at least as excited about the open questions—the things we do not
know—as the discoveries. Here, we asked 15 experts to describe the most compelling open …

Plants possess a large number of microtubule-based kinesin motor proteins. While the
kinesin-2, 3, 9, and 11 families are absent from land plants, the kinesin-7 and 14 families are …

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) and other intrinsically fluorescent proteins (IFPs) are
popular reporters because they allow visualization of cellular constituents in living specimens. …

Ordered cortical microtubule arrays are essential for normal plant morphogenesis, but how
these arrays form is unclear. The dynamics of individual cortical microtubules are stochastic …

Microtubules are polarized polymers that exhibit dynamic instability, with alternating phases
of elongation and shortening, particularly at the more dynamic plus-end. Microtubule plus-…

Retrograde axonal transport of cellular signals driven by dynein is vital for neuronal survival.
Mouse models with defects in the retrograde transport machinery, including the Loa mouse (…

Transgenic broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) was produced by two Agrobacterium
tumefaciens-mediated transformation methods. One used flowering stalk explants from mature …

The cell wall consists of cellulose microfibrils embedded within a matrix of hemicellulose
and pectin. Cellulose microfibrils are synthesized at the plasma membrane, whereas matrix …