Sperm require a sense of direction to locate the egg for fertilization. They follow gradients of
chemical and physical cues provided by the egg or the oviduct. However, the principles …

During chemotaxis and phototaxis, sperm, algae, marine zooplankton, and other microswimmers
move on helical paths or drifting circles by rhythmically bending cell protrusions called …

Cilia serve as cellular antennae that translate sensory information into physiological responses.
In the sperm flagellum, a single chemoattractant molecule can trigger a Ca 2+ rise that …

Many biological processes happen on a nano- to millimeter scale and within milliseconds.
Established methods such as confocal microscopy are suitable for precise 3D recordings but …

10.7554/eLife.07624.001 Calcium in the flagellum controls sperm navigation. In sperm of
marine invertebrates and mammals, Ca 2+ signalling has been intensely studied, whereas for …

Shape memory alloys constitute a special materials category due to an inner structural
transformation occurring under changing external parameters like temperature, strain, or …

Thin film systems of highly ordered alloys consisting of 3d transition metals and 4f rare earth
metals were prepared without buffer layers on a W(110) substrate by controlling different …

The development of the adsorption processes of hydrogen on Gd(0001) was studied by
means of photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with scanning tunneling microscopy and …

Cells transform complex environmental stimuli into physiological responses. For time-varying
stimuli or motile cells, the perception of the environment depends on the temporal stimulus …

Accurate predictions of the annual energy yield from wave energy converters are essential
to the development of the wave industry. The current method based on power matrices uses …