… We thank Hajime Tanaka, who greatly helped Rie Tanaka to prepare the English version.
We thank Da Zhao, Yan Zhu, and Wei-Hsuan Yu for checking the manuscript of the English …

Photosystem II (PSII) is a huge membrane-protein complex consisting of 20 different subunits
with a total molecular mass of 350 kDa for a monomer. It catalyses light-driven water …

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a light-driven proton pump and a model membrane transport protein.
We used time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography at an x-ray free electron laser …

Wave intensity (WI) is a new hemodynamic index that provides information about the dynamic
behavior of the heart and the vascular system and their interaction. Carotid arterial wave …

Serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) has revolutionized atomic-resolution
structural investigation by expanding applicability to micrometer-sized protein crystals, even at …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been identified as central mediators in certain
signalling events 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 . In the heart, ROS have important functions in ischaemia/reperfusion-…

The emulsifying properties of sugar beet pectin (SBP) were investigated in relation to its
molecular structure. SBP has been subjected to an enhancement process, and this material was …

Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria showing stability even in neutral and weak
alkaline pH were screened, and a new bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum A-1, …

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are microbial light-gated ion channels utilized in optogenetics to
control neural activity with light . Light absorption causes retinal chromophore isomerization …

Alk (en) yl sulfides are characteristic flavor components of garlic. Several lines of epidemiological
study indicate that the risk of a certain cancer can be prevented by consumption of …