NF-κB transcription factors are retained in the cytoplasm in an inactive form until they are
activated and rapidly imported into the nucleus. We identified importin α3 and importin α4 as …

Interferon stimulation results in tyrosine phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear import of
STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription). Proteins to be targeted into the …

Proteins actively transported into the nucleus via the classical nuclear import pathway
contain nuclear localization signals (NLSs), which are recognized by the family of importin α …

Influenza A virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1A protein) is a virulence factor which is targeted
into the nucleus. It is a multifunctional protein that inhibits host cell pre-mRNA processing …

The NF-κB protein RelB controls dendritic cell (DC) maturation and may be targeted
therapeutically to manipulate T cell responses in disease. Here we report that RelB promoted DC …

Hypoxia-inducible factors are the key elements in the essential process of oxygen homeostasis
of vertebrate cells. Stabilisation and subsequent nuclear localisation of HIF-α subunits …

Lung epithelial cells are the primary cellular targets for respiratory virus pathogens such as
influenza and parainfluenza viruses. Here, we have analyzed influenza A, influenza B and …

In resting cells NF-κB transcription factors are retained in the cytoplasm as latent inactive
complexes, until they are activated and rapidly transported into the nucleus. We show that all NF…

Activation of host innate immune responses was studied in severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus (SCV)-infected human A549 lung epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic …

IFN‐α combined with ribavirin is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. However,
HCV has mechanisms to resist the antiviral actions of IFN‐α. In order to study the molecular …