In the mammalian retina, besides the conventional rod–cone system, a melanopsin-associated
photoreceptive system exists that conveys photic information for accessory visual …

Circadian rhythms of mammals are entrained by light to follow the daily solar cycle (photoentrainment).
To determine whether retinal rods and cones are required for this response, the …

In mammals, a small number of retinal ganglion cells express melanopsin, an opsin
photopigment, allowing them to be directly photoreceptive. A major function of these so-called …

Background In bright light, mammals use a distinct photopigment (melanopsin) to measure
irradiance for centrally mediated responses such as circadian entrainment. We aimed to …

Light is a potent stimulus for regulating circadian, hormonal, and behavioral systems. In
addition, light therapy is effective for certain affective disorders, sleep problems, and circadian …

Rod and cone photoreceptors detect light and relay this information through a multisynaptic
pathway to the brain by means of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) 1 . These retinal outputs …

This work demonstrates that transgenic mice lacking both rod and cone photoreceptors (rd/rd
cl) retain a pupillary light reflex (PLR) that does not rely on local iris photoreceptors. These …

Ocular light exposure has important influences on human health and well-being through
modulation of circadian rhythms and sleep, as well as neuroendocrine and cognitive functions. …

In mammals, ocular photoreceptors mediate an acute inhibition of pineal melatonin by light.
The effect of rod and cone loss on this response was assessed by combining the rd mutation …

purpose. Early visual defects in degenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP)
may arise from phased remodeling of the neural retina. The authors sought to explore the …