Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease
of the central nervous system (CNS) triggered by autoimmune mechanisms. Microglia are …

Microglia are phagocytic cells that survey the brain and perform neuroprotective functions in
response to tissue damage, but their activating receptors are largely unknown. Triggering …

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TREM2 plays a critical role in …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a complex genetic, immune and metabolic
pathophysiology. Recent studies implicated the gut microbiome in MS pathogenesis. However, …

CXCL13, a B-cell chemokine, has been proposed as a biomarker in a variety of conditions,
some of which can mimic multiple sclerosis and can have very high levels. In this case-…

B cells are increasingly regarded as integral to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, in
part as a result of the success of B cell–depletion therapy. Multiple B cell–dependent …

Multiple sclerosis ( MS ) is a presumed autoimmune disease directed against central nervous
system ( CNS ) myelin, in which diet and obesity are implicated as risk factors. Immune …

Background The mycobiome is the fungal component of the gut microbiome and is implicated
in several autoimmune diseases. However, its role in MS has not been studied. Methods In …

Objective To evaluate for racial differences in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells
2 (TREM2), a key immune mediator in Alzheimer disease, the levels of CSF soluble TREM2 …

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for the human disease multiple
sclerosis (MS), is dependent upon the activation and effector functions of autoreactive CD4 …