All-or-none propagated electrical impulses were recorded from the hexactinellid sponge
Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni using suction electrodes attached to lumps of aggregated sponge …

The cnidarian nervous system is considered by many to represent neuronal organization in
its earliest and simplest form. Here we demonstrate, for the first time in the Cnidaria, the …

Inner hair cells of the mammalian cochlea translate acoustic stimuli into ‘phase‐locked’ nerve
impulses with frequencies of up to at least 1 kHz. Little is known about the intracellular Ca 2…

Expression of gp91-phox in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO91) cells is correlated with the
presence of a voltage-gated H + conductance. As one component of NADPH oxidase in …

1. Motor giant axons that excite swimming muscles in the jelly-fish Aglantha digitale interface
with units of the inner and outer nerve rings in the margin at the base of the bell. External …

1. Intracellular pH (pH1) was measured in Balanus photoreceptors using pH‐sensitive glass
micro‐electrodes. The average pH1 of twelve photoreceptors which had been dark adapted …

… Meech In 1825 Robert Grant beheld, for the first time, sponges ‘‘vomiting forth, from a
circular cavity, an impetuous torrent of liquid matter’’ [1]. He argued that such excretions …

Background (1) In 1980, one of us (Robert Meech) found that depolarized neurons of the
land snail, Helix aspersa, were highly proton permeable. In fact, depolarization increased the …

In voltage clamped photoreceptor cells of the barnacle, light-induced membrane current
varied nonlinearly with membrane potential and changed sign at about + 27 millivolts (reversal …

Although the bell-shaped nectophores of the siphonophore Nanomia bijuga are clearly
specialized for locomotion, their complex neuroanatomy described here testifies to multiple …