Observational studies have shown that the composition of the human gut microbiome in
children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) differs significantly from that of their …

Genome amplification and cellular senescence are commonly associated with pathological
processes. While physiological roles for polyploidization and senescence have been …

Discovery of lineage-specific somatic copy number variation (CNV) in mammals has led to
debate over whether CNVs are mutations that propagate disease or whether they are a …

While most cells maintain a diploid state, polyploid cells exist in many organisms and are
particularly prevalent within the mammalian placenta [1], where they can generate more than …

Animals have been described as segmented for more than 2,000 years, yet a precise
definition of segmentation remains elusive. Here we give the history of the definition of …

During pregnancy, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) invade the maternal decidua and remodel
the local vasculature to establish blood supply for the growing fetus. Compromised EVT …

The great diversity of arthropod body plans, together with our detailed understanding of fruit
fly development, makes arthropods a premier taxon for examining the evolutionary …

In bilaterians, establishing the correct spatial positioning of structures along the dorsoventral
(DV) axis is essential for proper embryonic development. Insects such as Drosophila rely on …

In arthropods, annelids and chordates, segmentation of the body axis encompasses both
ectodermal and mesodermal derivatives. In vertebrates, trunk mesoderm segments …

METHOD Perform all incubations and washes in microcentrifuge tubes at room temperature
using~ 1 mL of solution, unless otherwise indicated. Add wash volumes gently down the …