Traumatic fear memories can be inhibited by behavioral therapy for humans, or by extinction
training in rodent models, but are prone to recur. Under some conditions, however, these …

The majority of excitatory synapses in the mammalian CNS (central nervous system) are
formed on dendritic spines 1 , and spine morphology and distribution are critical for synaptic …

An accumulating body of evidence supports the notion that trafficking of AMPA receptors (AMPARs)
underlies strengthening of glutamatergic synapses and, in turn, learning and …

In vivo experience can occlude subsequent induction of long-term potentiation and enhance
long-term depression of synaptic responses. Although a reduced capacity for synaptic …

Heightened aggression is characteristic of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders and can have
various negative effects on patients, their families and the public. Recent studies in humans …

Theories stipulate that memories are encoded within networks of cortical projection neurons.
Conversely, GABAergic interneurons are thought to function primarily to inhibit projection …

A brain network comprising the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala plays important
roles in developmentally regulated cognitive and emotional processes. However, very …

Conditioned fear requires neural activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial
prefrontal cortex (mPFC), structures that are densely interconnected at the synaptic level. …

Social isolation during the juvenile critical window is detrimental to proper functioning of the
prefrontal cortex (PFC) and establishment of appropriate adult social behaviors. However, …

Homeostatic synaptic scaling calibrates neuronal excitability by adjusting synaptic strengths
during prolonged changes in synaptic activity. The molecular mechanisms that regulate the …