Even as demand for their services increases, honey bees (Apis mellifera) and other
pollinating insects continue to decline in Europe and North America. Honey bees face many …

Background Delirium is a well-known complication in cardiac surgery and intensive care unit
(ICU) patients. However, in many other settings its prevalence and clinical consequences …

Behaviour is typically regarded as among the most flexible of animal phenotypic traits. In
particular, expression of cooperative behaviour is often assumed to be conditional upon the …

Since 1994, more than €41 billion has been spent in the European Union on agri-environment
schemes (AESs), which aim to mitigate the effects of anthropomorphic landscape …

Urbanization is increasing worldwide. Urban habitats often support considerable biodiversity
and so are of conservation value, even though they are highly modified ecosystems. Urban …

In pollination, plants provide food reward to pollinators who in turn enhance plant reproduction
by transferring pollen, making the relationship largely cooperative; however, because the …

Noise is universal in information transfer. In animal communication, this presents a challenge
not only for intended signal receivers, but also to biologists studying the system. In honey …

Neonicotinoid insecticides used to treat the seeds of bee-attractive crops occur in trace
amounts in nectar and pollen. Possible harm to bees has resulted in the European Commission …

Many studies have found that seemingly unconnected behaviors are correlated into behavioral
syndromes. These behavioral syndromes may be the consequence of interindividual …

Waggle dancing bees provide nestmates with spatial information about high quality resources.
Surprisingly, attempts to quantify the benefits of this encoded spatial information have …